News Fresh Today: May 2018

Thursday, 31 May 2018

Boy, 12, helps father fight anxiety and depression

Stuart Gumm often suffers panic attacks, no longer drives, and rarely leaves the house. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2J5n5wK

Wednesday, 30 May 2018

How Self-Compassion Can Fight Perfectionism

“Be kind to one another.”

You don’t need to be a die-hard Ellen DeGeneres fan to appreciate the value of that motto. And while we’re reminded how kindness goes a long way in our everyday interactions with others, we often forget to apply it to those who need it most: ourselves.

Whether it’s setting a personal weight-loss goal, or believing that we can ace a final exam—all of us are familiar with the experience of setting high standards. We’re even more familiar with the inevitable let-down that comes from not living up to those very standards.

Enter, the life of a perfectionist.

But, importantly, not all perfectionists operate the same. There are different types that are associated with different psychological outcomes.

On the one hand, if you strive to attain your ambitious goals and prevent yourself from being overly self-critical, you might be a personal strivings perfectionist. This isn’t so bad. In fact, this type of perfectionism is more likely to lead to relatively higher levels of self-esteem and decreased levels of negative affect.

On the other hand, if you constantly believe that you are not good enough, if you judge yourself by your shortcomings, and if you are constantly worried that other people won’t approve of you, then you might be more on the side of maladaptive perfectionism. This form of perfectionism has been linked to depressive symptoms in both adolescents and adults.

It’s no wonder then that researchers are curious to know more about interventions that help buffer against this maladaptive perfectionism. In one recent study, researchers examined the possibility that self-compassion can protect us against the negative effects of maladaptive perfectionism. The questions is, can self-directed kindness increase our chances of living a full, healthy life? Can it combat the symptoms of depression that come from this less ideal version of perfectionism?

Understanding self-compassion

You may ask, “What exactly is self-compassion? And is it something that can be cultivated by anyone, or is a skill that is only available to some of us?” To shed some light on these questions, researchers have broken down self-compassion into three main components: self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.

While the first component is self-explanatory, the other two require careful consideration. When something terrible happens to us, often the initial reaction is to sit and wallow in our grief and self-pity. We convince ourselves that no one else is going through similar problems in their lives. But that is simply not true. Statistically speaking, it’s an erroneous judgment.

In order to be more accepting of ourselves, we need to realize that we are never as alone and isolated as we think we are. This is at the heart of common humanity.

At the same time, many of us are prone to over-analyzing painful experiences, or trying to avoid negative feelings altogether. Mindfulness then, is about acknowledging our thoughts, feelings, and emotions without judgement, and accepting them as part of the common human experience.

Back to our study. Taking into account these three sub-components, the researchers in the present investigation set out to predict that self-compassion would weaken the relationship between perfectionism and depression in both adolescent and adult populations.

The study

541 adolescents from grades 7 to 10 were recruited for the first study. Participants were asked to complete three online questionnaires during school hours, as part of a larger well-being intervention study. The questionnaires tapped into perfectionism, mood/feelings, self-worth and self-esteem, as well as reported self-compassion.

As predicted, self-compassion was found to moderate, or weaken, the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and depression in this sample of adolescents. Next, the researchers wanted to see if the results would hold for adults.

515 adults from the general population were recruited through online advertisements. Again, participants were asked to complete the same questionnaires. Once again in line with the researchers’ predictions, self-compassion was found to weaken the relationship between perfectionism and depression in the adult sample. What was true for teens was also true for adults later on in life.

Why it matters

It seems that more than anything, today’s culture values perfection. Parents and teachers may push us towards excellence at school, our friends may judge us by how we dress and act in their company, and perhaps worst of all, our social media accounts constantly fool us into thinking that there are people out there who actually have perfect lives.

Good news, bad news. The bad news is that we can’t completely eradicate perfectionistic thoughts. Good news is that we can try to change our relationship to those thoughts through self-compassion. If we learn to cultivate self-kindness, connection, and mindfulness as we strive toward achieving our goals, any setback we face along the way will be met with greater resilience and mental strength. As a result, we are less likely to fall victim to the debilitating effects of depression, and more likely to live a happy, balanced life.

So, as Ellen DeGeneres reminds us, always be kind to others. But before you do, be sure to look after yourself first. In this case, it’s okay to be a little selfish.

References

Ferrari, M., Yap, K., Scott, N., Einstein, D., & Ciarrochi, J. (2018). Self-compassion moderates the perfectionism and depression link in both adolescence and adulthood. PLOS ONE, 13(2), e0192022. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192022

Hill, R., Huelsman, T., & Araujo, G. (2010). Perfectionistic concerns suppress associations between perfectionistic strivings and positive life outcomes. Personality And Individual Differences, 48(5), 584-589. doi: 10.1016/j.paid.2009.12.011

NEFF, K. (2003). The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion. Self And Identity, 2(3), 223-250. doi: 10.1080/15298860309027

Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Positive Conceptions of Perfectionism: Approaches, Evidence, Challenges. Personality And Social Psychology Review, 10(4), 295-319. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr1004_2

Image via nandhukumar/Pixabay.

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Ex-football stars with dementia 'forgotten' by authorities

A psychiatrist says he is in "no doubt there is a big problem" and more needs to be done. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L9sFij

Vaccine for cancer that killed Tessa Jowell 'remarkably promising'

A treatment for the cancer that killed Tessa Jowell could help to extend lives, a trial suggests. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JdYBoe

New motor neurone brace makes 'substantial difference'

One patient had "no doubt" that the Sheffield-designed collar had improved his quality of life. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L85c0y

One million French smokers quit in a year amid anti-smoking measures

France sees the steepest drop in daily smokers for over a decade as anti-smoking regulations bite. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2Jim7R1

Irish abortion referendum: New laws by end of the year - Irish PM

It follows an overwhelming vote in favour of overturning the country's abortion ban. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L6zkti

Woman killed herself after ovaries removed without consent

Lucinda Methuen-Campbell had been in pain for years but it got worse after a bowel operation. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JdYo4q

Daughter 'would go to prison' over father's Dignitas death

Sandra Holmes and her son may face criminal charges after taking her father to a Dignitas facility. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L858Om

YouTube stars 'might encourage kids to eat more calories'

Social media stars Zoella and Alfie Deyes feature in a study into the protection of children online. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JilW8j

Ebola outbreak in DR Congo: Patients 'taken to church'

Two of the three patients who were taken from the treatment centre for prayers have died. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L854OC

Water resistant sunscreen claims ‘meaningless’, says Which?

The creams work much less well after they have been worn in the sea, warns consumer group Which?. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JilQgX

Bank holiday warning over gardening and DIY accidents

Surgeons say this time of year can bring a spike in accidents with gardening and DIY equipment. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L84ZKO

Expressing psychosis through street dance

Hip-hop dancer Chad Taylor explains how being sectioned transformed his life. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JilM0H

Seeking a silent retreat from urban life

Silent retreats are an increasingly popular form of escape from the stresses of urban life. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L3canJ

'Working in the NHS, my life-long dream'

Olive Belfield was a young nurse when Britain launched the National Health Service in 1948. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JilEOL

Teaching boys and girls to make sanitary pads in Uganda

Communities in Uganda learn how to make recyclable products for periods to stop girls dropping out of school. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L6IfuV

Organ donation: Why you may wait longer if you're black

Ashley suffers from kidney failure but a lack of BAME organ donors means her doctors have not found a match. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JjRvPe

Sheffield student with cleft lip bullied for the way he looked

A 13-year-old boy bullied because of his cleft lip is working with a charity to help others like him. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L62SHv

BBC presenter on finding out her cancer is incurable

5 live's Rachael Bland says she got the call from her doctor when she was on a day out with her son. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2JcDUce

Why NHS costs just keep going up

Economists warn the NHS will need an extra 4% a year - £2,000 per UK household - for the next 15 years. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L84UXw

Ex-football stars with dementia 'forgotten' by authorities

A psychiatrist says he is in "no doubt there is a big problem" and more needs to be done. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2J3kWRS

Tuesday, 29 May 2018

Organ donation: Why you may wait longer if you're black

Woman killed herself after ovaries removed without consent

Lucinda Methuen-Campbell had been in pain for years but it got worse after a bowel operation. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2LEyF3D

Daughter 'would go to prison' over father's Dignitas death

Sandra Holmes and her son may face criminal charges after taking her father to a Dignitas facility. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L4F6vL

Vaccine for cancer that killed Tessa Jowell 'remarkably promising'

A treatment for the cancer that killed Tessa Jowell could help to extend lives, a trial suggests. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2L4rX5T

Monday, 28 May 2018

Irish abortion referendum: New laws by end of the year - Irish PM

It follows an overwhelming vote in favour of overturning the country's abortion ban. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2IVkbKX

One million French smokers quit in a year amid anti-smoking measures

France sees the steepest drop in daily smokers for over a decade as anti-smoking regulations bite. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2seHXet

Friday, 25 May 2018

Sheffield student with cleft lip bullied for the way he looked

A 13-year-old boy bullied because of his cleft lip is working with a charity to help others like him. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2Lwvniz

BBC presenter on finding out her cancer is incurable

5 live's Rachael Bland says she got the call from her doctor when she was on a day out with her son. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2KV6U5w

How Misreading Bodily Signals Causes Anxiety

It’s 9 AM Monday morning. You’ve just pulled into work and are ready to pitch your presentation to the senior management team. Your PowerPoint slides are damn near perfect and you’ve gone over the script dozens of times. You’ve got this.

As everyone gathers in the room, you’re suddenly flooded with a hit of adrenaline. The bad kind. In a flash you become acutely aware of what your body is doing: beads of sweat forming on your brow, a dry mouth that no amount of water can fix, and a steadily increasing heart rate thumping inside your chest.

This ability to perceive the signals of your body is known as interoceptive accuracy (IAc). There are, as the example demonstrated, different psychosomatic cues that you pick up within yourself during states of anxiety. But above all, a beating heart is the hardest one to ignore.

It’s for this reason that heartbeat perception, as brain scientists call it, is a direct proxy for measuring people’s IAc and reported anxiety and stress levels.

IAc and a beating heart

Having the ability to accurately detect your own heartbeat is critical for reappraising your anxiety on a moment to moment basis. We know that anxiety is as much in the body as it is in the mind, and that a (mis)perception of a fast heart rate can easily contribute to the catastrophization of a panicked state.

It’s why some of the most effective anxiety-related therapies, like progressive muscle relaxation and deep breathing, tend to focus on muting a physiological response followed by a cognitive reappraisal technique.

Now in terms of IAc, the longstanding view was that it is an inherited trait, similar to eye color or height. Your IAc is immutable, unchanging. But now there’s new evidence suggesting that the situation matters just as much as the person: While some people may have inherently bad interoceptive ability, we can’t ignore the influence of the broader context. And this, if it turns out to be true, is a definite win for anyone looking to reverse a certain anxiety-based predisposition.

The study and findings

A team of researchers led by Martin F. Whittkamp out of the University of Luxembourg set out to investigate just how much of a role the environment plays in determining our ability to self-reflect on accurate biofeedback.

The researchers relied on two methods to measure IAc via heartbeat perception. The first, called the counting task is simply a comparison between actual measures of your heartbeat with your self-reported measures. Another method, called the heartbeat discrimination task, measures how accurately you can rate whether or not your heartbeat is in sync with an external stimulus such as a blinking light on a computer screen.

The team in this newest study compared the results of both a heartbeat counting task and discrimination task in two conditions: a resting state and a stress state. Mental stress was induced by having participants match the color of a flashing light bulb with a corresponding button as fast and accurately as possible. If this wasn’t stressful enough, the experimenter also chimed in with a few verbal cues urging the participant to perform better so as to not ruin the entire experiment.

In addition to comparing stress state IAc with resting state IAc, the researchers also designed a number of computational models. These models aimed to measure how much of one’s interoceptive accuracy is owed to individual ability versus the situation.

The results found that about 40% of a person’s IAc can be explained by his/her individual traits, while around 30% can be explained by the changing situation, leaving the remaining 30% to measurement error.

What this says is that your ability to detect and therefore modulate your bodily responses during an anxious state is not fixed. These signals are amenable to change. You can learn to more accurately perceive your beating heart in a high-stress environment. You can apply reappraisal techniques in mitigating your anxiety.

The findings of this study have the potential to inform research on stress and anxiety management. For example, having a general idea of how much your IAc is dependent on biological predisposition could provide leeway to pharmaceutical interventions to help combat debilitating responses to stressful situations.

For now there’s therapeutic power in knowing you can improve your IAc and work towards minimizing your anxiety.

References

Feldman, G., Greeson, J., & Senville, J. (2010). Differential effects of mindful breathing, progressive muscle relaxation, and loving-kindness meditation on decentering and negative reactions to repetitive thoughts. Behaviour Research And Therapy, 48(10), 1002-1011. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.06.006

Knoll, J., & Hodapp, V. (1992). A Comparison between Two Methods for Assessing Heartbeat Perception. Psychophysiology, 29(2), 218-222. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01689.x

Richter, D., Manzke, T., Wilken, B., & Ponimaskin, E. (2003). Serotonin receptors: guardians of stable breathing. Trends In Molecular Medicine, 9(12), 542-548. doi: 10.1016/j.molmed.2003.10.010

Wittkamp, M., Bertsch, K., Vögele, C., & Schulz, A. (2018). A latent state-trait analysis of interoceptive accuracy. Psychophysiology, 55(6), e13055. doi: 10.1111/psyp.13055

Image via mohamed_hassan/Pixabay.

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'I took 57 painkillers a day to get high'

Cheap and easy to obtain, the painkiller Tramadol has millions of Egyptians hooked on getting high. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2sdcZCq

Thursday, 24 May 2018

Why We Don’t Remember Early Childhood?

Although early experiences are important for personal development and future life, as adults we recall nothing or very little of those early formative events, such as making first steps or learning first words. In fact, when adults are asked about their first memories they usually don’t recall events before the age of 2-3, with only fragmented recollection of events that happened between the age of 3 and 7. This phenomenon is often called childhood or infantile amnesia. It represents an inability of both children and adults to recall episodic memories (i.e., memories for particular events or stimuli that occur in a particular context) from infancy and early childhood, before the age 2-4.

Sigmund Freud was the first researcher to develop the theory of infantile amnesia, as he had observed that his patients rarely had been able to recall memories of events that took place during the first years of life. He believed that childhood memories are being repressed and thus forgotten. Still, modern theories focus on cognitive and social development as an important predictor of childhood amnesia. One possible explanation of childhood amnesia is the lack of neurological development, i.e., the development of brain parts that are in charge of storage and retrieval of episodic memories. For instance, some researchers believe that the development and functioning of the prefrontal cortex (cortex area at the front of the brain) is crucial for the creation of contextualized memories. Moreover, the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are assumed to be crucial for the development of autobiographical memories. Importantly, these two brain structures develop around the age of 3 or 4.

The lack of neurological maturation, i.e., maturation of brain structures required for creation, storage, and recall of memories during infancy and early childhood might explain the phenomenon of childhood amnesia. According to this explanation, childhood amnesia occurs not due to the loss of memories over time (the forgetting explanation), as Freud had suggested, but rather due to the lack of storing of these memories in the first place. The lack of stored memories, according to this theory, is due to brain immaturity.

Some evidence has suggested that amnesia for events taking place in early childhood (before the age of 2) could be at least partly explained by difficulties with verbally recalling memories that were encoded before language acquisition. In line with this is the fact that the majority of words (the vocabulary) are acquired between the age of 2 years and 6 months and 4 years and 6 months. This is the time period that the earliest memories can be recalled.

Childhood amnesia seems not to be an exclusively human phenomenon. Indeed, some researchers have observed something like infantile amnesia in animals (for instance, rodents). The discovery of amnesia in animals has pointed to the possibility of investigating the underlying mechanisms of childhood amnesia, such as neurological events, by using animal models. The animal studies have addressed the importance of some parts of brain and their development in relation to the childhood amnesia. For instance, they have indicated that high rate of neurogenesis in hippocampus as observed in infancy might explain the accelerated forgetting of contextual fear memories. It seems that integrating of new neurons into the existing circuit might destabilize and weaken the existing memories.

Some researchers believe that it is unclear whether childhood amnesia occurs due to the failure of memory retrieval or failure of their storage. Forgetting might be described as a linear function of the time passing since the event. Since there is a long time span between the early events and recall in adulthood, it might be assumed that early events are simply forgotten. Still, some researchers disagree. This is because they have found that subjects recall far less memories for events occurring between the age of 6 and 7 as would be expected by simply extrapolating the forgetting curve. Thus, forgetting could not completely explain the phenomenon of childhood amnesia. This is why a neurogenic hypothesis of childhood amnesia has been developed.

According to its inventors, a neurogenic hypothesis explains childhood amnesia through the continuous adding of new neurons (neurogenesis) in the hippocampus, as already mentioned above. According to this hypothesis, high levels of postnatal neurogenesis (which occurs in both humans and some animals) in the hippocampus prevents the creation of long-lasting memories. This hypothesis has been experimentally tested in animal models (mouse and rat). The findings emerging from these models have proposed that high levels of neurogenesis jeopardize the formation of long-term memories, possibly by replacement of synapses in pre-existing memory circuits. In addition, the same findings indicate that the decline in hippocampal neurogenesis corresponds with the emerging ability to form stabile memories.

Thus, according to these animal studies, the theory of neurogenesis appears to be a logical explanation for childhood amnesia.

Although the early theory regarding the forgetting or repressing of memories might look like a good explanation of childhood amnesia, more recent findings demonstrate that something else is happening in our brain that contributes to this phenomenon. Whether this is the lack of development in some brain parts, or the continuous synthesis of new neurons, or both, remains to be further investigated. Childhood amnesia cannot be explained by simple forgetting.

References

Newcombe, N., Drummey, A., Fox, N., Lai, E., Ottinger-Alberts, W. (2000) Remembering Early Childhood: How Much, How, and Why (or Why Not). Current Directions in Psychological Science. 9 (2): 55–58.

Hayne, H., Jack, F. (2011) Childhood amnesia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Cognitive Science. 2(2): 136-145. doi: 10.1002/wcs.107

Simcock, G., Hayne, H. (2003) Age-related changes in verbal and non-verbal memory during early childhood. Developmental Psychology. 39: 805–814. PMID: 12952395

Madsen, H.B., Kim, J.H. (2016) Ontogeny of memory: An update on 40 years of work on infantile amnesia. Behavioural Brain Research. 298(Pt A): 4-14. 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.07.030

Wetzler, S.E., Sweeney, J.A. (1986) Childhood amnesia: An empirical demonstration. In Autobiographical memory (ed. DC Rubin), pp. 191–201. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.

Josselyn, S.A., Frankland, P.W. (2012) Infantile amnesia: a neurogenic hypothesis. Learning and Memory. 19(9): 423-433. doi: 10.1101/lm.021311.110

Image via VABo2040/Pixabay.

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Small NHS funding rise would be 'disastrous'

Health committee chair Sarah Wollaston says rise of 3% will 'not be high enough' via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2LpIJ0h

Ebola outbreak in DR Congo: Patients 'taken to church'

Two of the three patients who were taken from the treatment centre for prayers have died. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2s82GQ9

Water resistant sunscreen claims ‘meaningless’, says Which?

The creams work much less well after they have been worn in the sea, warns consumer group Which?. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2IGoxJI

Bank holiday warning over gardening and DIY accidents

Surgeons say this time of year can bring a spike in accidents with gardening and DIY equipment. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2s82GzD

Wednesday, 23 May 2018

Mum helps stop daughter being bullied for birthmark

Sophie Parker shares her story of being bullied for having a birthmark on her face. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2KKtk9B

Tuesday, 22 May 2018

Blitz on sweet treats sees slow start

The sugar hit in puddings, biscuits and chocolate remains high despite a crackdown. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2s1knSd

‘My hip replacement left me in constant pain'

More than 300 people have taken the manufacturers of allegedly faulty hip replacements to the High Court. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2IFGsMD

Lini Puthussery: 'Hero' nurse who died battling the Nipah virus

Lini Puthussery is among 10 people killed in the viral outbreak in India's southern state of Kerala. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2ICv7Rh

Dementia-friendly lunches served at Norwich restaurant

A restaurant aims to give diners with dementia and their carers the "best possible time". via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2IBvFmu

Iran mushroom poisoning: More than 800 sick from deadly fungi

At least 11 die and 800 fall ill after eating the deadly fungi in the west of the country. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2ICP6j0

Doctors explain Michael Jackson's impossible dance move

Spine experts reveal the improbable dynamics of the "Smooth Criminal" lean. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2GFSYK9

An egg a day to keep the doctor away?

A study in China suggests a daily egg may reduce the risk of a stroke via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2kiyuy9

Malaria genetics: study shows how disease became deadly

A genetic study reveals the secrets of how malaria evolved to be deadly killer of humans. via BBC News - Health Read More Here.. Lake forest health and fitness https://ift.tt/2s3NXWr

Thursday, 31 May 2018

Wednesday, 30 May 2018

Tuesday, 29 May 2018

Monday, 28 May 2018

Friday, 25 May 2018

Thursday, 24 May 2018

Wednesday, 23 May 2018

Tuesday, 22 May 2018

Monday, 21 May 2018